This article has been cited by other articles in pmc. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and. In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc, the expression of pdk1 is remarkably improved in npc tissue and correlated with the clinicopathological severity of npc. To evaluate the clinical features, treatment results, prognostic factors and late toxicities of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents. Medical history, medication use, and risk of nasopharyngeal. The role of chemotherapy in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma france pdf open access journals. Jan 17, 2020 given limited recent advances in chemotherapeutic regimens, there is an urgent need to develop targeted therapies for metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc that reduce toxicity and improve surviv. Diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma usually begins with a general examination.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the most difficult tumors to diagnose correctly at the initial phase because of the occasional lack of nasal symptoms. Ebv as a surrogate biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma continues to. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is one of the epsteinbarr virus ebvassociated. This journal was published by the center of excellence nasopharyngeal carcinoma universitas sumatera utara, collaborated with talenta publisher universitas sumatera utara. Submit your research before the end of this month to get published in current volume.
A phase ii study of pazopanib in asian patients with. Here, we design an exosomelike nanozyme vesicle for in vivo h2o2responsive pai of nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma genetic and rare diseases. Asian pacific journal of cancer prevention, vol 16, 2015. With the development of radiotherapeutic techniques, chemotherapy regimens, and surgical techniques, the prognosis of npc was improved significantly.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is one of the epsteinbarr virus ebv associated. The underlying mechanisms behind this remarkable geographic distribution remain unclear. Journal of the national cancer institute, volume 108, issue 1, january 2016, djv291. These include nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma and minor salivary gland carcinoma. Although npc is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few welldefined populations, including natives of southern china, southeast asia, the arctic, and the middle eastnorth africa. Signs of nasopharyngeal cancer include trouble breathing, speaking, or hearing. Our previous nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection study, comparing mr imaging, endoscopy, and endoscopic biopsy, showed that mr imaging is a highly sensitive test that identifies nasopharyngeal carcinomas missed by endoscopy.
From 1992 to 2003, 59 patients 58 highrisk patients and 1 lowrisk patient, median age yrs. Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer. The enigmatic epidemiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. While the general prognosis of rm disease is poor, immunotherapy offers some promise in a malignancy associated with ebv and characterized by a. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a radiosensitive tumor that can often be cured when detected early, but the nasopharynx is a clinically silent region and patients often present in the later stages of the disease.
Rare types of nasopharyngeal cancer can also develop. Pathologic diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc can be challenging since most cases are nonkeratinizing carcinoma with little differentiation and many admixed lymphocytes. In this large, prospective study, the authors found that hypertension is indeed associated with a moderate increase in risk for several cancers, including renal, esophageal only squamous cell carcinoma, head and neck, skin, colon, post. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an umbrella term for a group of malignant epithelial tumors with different etiopathogenesis and a broad range of histopathological appearances. We searched the pubmed and medline databases for articles. Nasopharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the nasopharynx. The therapeutic implications of a delayed diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc can be significant. Numerous studies have suggested that npc develops through interactions among genetic and environmental factors and epsteinbarr virus ebv infection.
Establishment and validation of prognostic nomograms for endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma linquan tang. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a rare malignancy in most parts of the world. In this study, we established its role in npc progression, and explored underlying mechanisms and clinical significance. Gu mf, liu lz, he lj, yuan wx, zhang r, luo gy, et al.
Current treatment landscape of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and. Methods nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. We expressed mir375 in npc cells to study the effects on pdk1 gene expression. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a type of head and neck cancer with a. Between january 1990 and january 2011, 158 npc patients younger than 20 years old were treated in our institution, and the patients clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, outcomes and prognostic factors were retrospectively analyzed. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a cancer arising from the nasopharynx epithelium. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc represents a rare disease in the western countries, such as europe and usa, while its frequency reaches 20 cases per 100,000 people in the eastern countries, such as china, japan, and singapore. Molecular diagnosis of epsteinbarr virus related diseases. Successful identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in. Our aim was to evaluate the possibility to identify npc in nasopharyngeal biopsies using deep learning. The pharynx is a hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea windpipe and esophagus the tube that goes from the throat to the stomach. Npc differs significantly from other cancers of the head and neck in its occurrence, causes, clinical behavior, and treatment.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma india pdf open access journals. Is there a link between high blood pressure and cancer. Among them, 100 cases were randomly selected as the. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma journal is recognized as official site for the publication and indexing of research in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It starts in the upper part of your throat, behind the nose. Complete dissertation amsterdam umc vrije universiteit. This type of cancer is called nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Pdf nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a unique disease with a clinical presentation, epidemiology, and.
The malignancy of nasopharyngeal cancer has an incidence rate of 5100,000. Here you can find out about nasopharyngeal cancer, including risk factors, symptoms, how its found, and how its treated. Copies of the ebv genome have been found in cells of preinvasive lesions, suggesting that it is directly related to the process of transformation. Exosomelike nanozyme vesicles for h2o2responsive catalytic. Despite originating from similar cell or tissue lineages, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other epithelial head and neck tumours are distinctly different. A total of 726 nasopharyngeal biopsies were included. Incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is10100,000. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a common malignancy of head and neck in southern china and southeast asia, which is highly invasive and has a relatively high metastasis rate. It differs from other head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in epidemiology, histology, natural history, and response to treatment. A single arm monotherapy study of pazopanib in patients with who type iiiii nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had metastaticrecurrent disease and. Pdf histopathological classification of nasopharyngeal. From basic information about cancer and its causes to indepth information on specific cancer types including risk factors, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment options youll find it here.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare but highly invasive cancer. The association of ebv with epithelial cell tumors, specifically nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc and ebvpositive gastric carcinoma ebvgc, is less clear and is currently thought to be caused by the aberrant establishment of virus latency in epithelial cells that display premalignant genetic changes. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc, or nasopharynx cancer, is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx, most commonly in the posterolateral nasopharynx or pharyngeal recess fossa of rosenmuller, accounting for 50% of cases. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a unique disease with clinical behavior, epidemiology, and histopathology that is different from that of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Establishment and validation of prognostic nomograms for. Photoacoustic imaging pai is an attractive imaging modality, which is promising for clinical cancer diagnosis due to its advantages on deep tissue penetration and fine spatial resolution. Current treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma european journal. Regardless of geographic distribution, racial background and enigmatic etiology of npc, a major problem has been the lack of a universally accepted system for histopathologic classification of npc. Whether you or someone you love has cancer, knowing what to expect can help you cope. Parp1 is overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its. Full text management of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a rare cancer worldwide except in south east asia, southern china and.
It is of squamous cell origin, some types of which are strongly associated with the epsteinbarr virus ebv. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a rare malignancy worldwide, but it is endemic in a few areas including southern china, southeast asia, north africa and the arctic. We hypothesized that pazopanib would have antiangiogenic activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The most common site is the fossa of rosenmuller which is a recess just medial to the medial crura of the eustachian tube. The international journal of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ijnpc is an open access journal that publishes research findings from disciplines related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas npc are the most common primary malignancy of the nasopharynx. Submissions received later would be considered for next issue of journal. Pdf early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma researchgate. Within the boundaries of the nasopharynx, the tumour epicentre is frequently seen at the fossa of rosenmuller, from where the tumour invades adjacent anatomical spaces or organs.
If you have nasopharyngeal cancer or are close to someone who does, knowing what to expect can help you cope. From etiology to clinical practice discusses npc from basic science, to clinical management through the perspective of members of the centre for nasopharyngeal carcinoma research in hong kong. Treatment results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the modern era. Histopathological classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Ethnic background and being exposed to the epsteinbarr virus can affect the risk of nasopharyngeal cancer. Your doctor will ask questions about your symptoms. It encompasses not only the most detailed information about multiple aspects of npc, but also the modern day research model of scientistclinician collaboration, focusing on. In the nasopharynx, the tumour is often observed at the pharyngeal recess fossa of rosenmuller. Now is an exciting era of development in immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors and their effect on the treatment of npc. Light microscopical appearance ac of a classical nonkeratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma composed of sheets and nests of undifferentiated malignant cells with enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and sparse cytoplasm. Exam using a camera to see inside your nasopharynx. The perineural spread of the trigeminal nerve is one of the most common and important routes in the intracranial paracavernous extension of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but visual loss is very rare. Review article early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced nasopharyngeal. Haiqiang mai, musheng zeng, establishment and validation of prognostic nomograms for endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, jnci.
The mean age of nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis has been 11 years old age. Nevertheless, distant metastasis of npc to subglottis is extremely rare. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the predominant tumor type arising in the nasopharynx, the narrow tubular passage behind the nasal cavity. Among them, 100 cases were randomly selected as the testing. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents a. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a squamous cell carcinoma scc arising from the mucosal surface of the nasopharynx. Nov 17, 2016 chan at, teo pm, leung tw, johnson pj. Immune infiltration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on gen. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiology reference article.
Jun 26, 2006 nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is an ebvrelated malignancy. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma the journal of laryngology. Despite the excellent local control with modern radiotherapy, distant failure remains a key. The centers for mendelian genomics program is working to discover the causes of rare genetic disorders. Feb 20, 2018 nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a rare malignancy worldwide, but it is endemic in a few areas including southern china, southeast asia, north africa and the arctic. Radiotherapy rt is the primary treatment, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care for advanced npc. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma orphanet journal of rare diseases. As options of agents for effective combination chemoradiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma are limited, novel therapeutic approaches are desperately needed.
The detection of the epsteinbarr virus ebv nuclear antigen and viral dna in nasopharyngeal carcinoma has revealed that ebv can infect epithelial cells and is associated with their malignant transformation. Aug 17, 2018 nasopharyngeal carcinoma is difficult to detect early. If nasopharyngeal carcinoma is suspected, your doctor may recommend a nasal endoscopy. He or she may press on your neck to feel for swelling in your lymph nodes. Sep 08, 2015 nasopharyngeal carcinoma of the undifferentiated subtype is endemic to southern china, and patient prognosis has improved significantly over the past three decades because of advances in disease management, diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy technology, and broader application of systemic therapy. Some types have a dramatically skewed geographical and ethnic distribution and shows virtually 100% association with epstein barr virus. For more information about applying to the research study, please visit their website.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an epithelial carcinoma arising from the nasopharyngeal mucosal lining. The nasopharynx is precariously placed at the base of your skull, above the roof of your mouth. Incidence and mortality of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Evaluation of risk factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a highrisk area of india, northeastern. However, at the close of that study, patients without biopsyproved nasopharyngeal carcinoma nevertheless had shown suspicious. It is authority to translate published research into text and reference books, worldwide. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is a unique disease with a clinical presentation, epidemiology. Npc was first described as a separate entity by regaud and schmincke in 1921 1, 2.
The objective of this report is to emphasize that, although rare, nasopharyngeal carcinoma does occur in children and can be diagnosed reliably when. Treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma usually involves radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of the two. Assessment of retropharyngeal and cervical lymphadenopathy is important for treatment planning. Recently, we found that the ebvencoded microrna bart25p was increased in the serum of preclinical npc patients and that the copy number positively correlated with disease progression. Pdf epsteinbarr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We also investigated the mechanism by which mir375 affects the biological behavior of npc cells through effects on pdk1. The ubiquitin ligase chfr is known to target parp1 for degradation and is epigenetically inactivated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Mri is commonly used for monitoring patients after therapy. However, few tumor catalyticresponsive pai strategies are developed. Although rare, npc accounts for about one third of childhood nasopharyngeal neoplasms. The objective of this report is to emphasize that, although rare, nasopharyngeal carcinoma does occur in children and can be diagnosed reliably when certain key radiographic features are recognized. Most often, nasopharyngeal cancer starts in the epithelial cells that line the inside of the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is endemic to southern china and southeast asia, with a peak incidence of 50 cases per 100 000 in these areas. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc has a remarkable geographical and racialethnic distribution, and it is endemic in parts of southern china. Unusual subglottis metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare type of head and neck cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic. Radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment, with chemotherapy used in advanced cases. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma npc is commonly known to metastasized to bone, liver and lung.
Approximately one third of nasopharyngeal carcinomas of the undifferentiated type are diagnosed in adolescents or young adults. The nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx throat behind the nose. Thats probably because the nasopharynx isnt easy to examine and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma mimic those of other, morecommon conditions. Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by mr imaging. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma asian pacific journal of cancer. United kingdom national multidisciplinary guidelines volume supplement r simo, m robinson, m lei, a sibtain, s hickey skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma of the undifferentiated subtype is endemic to southern china, and patient prognosis has improved significantly over the past three decades because of advances in disease management, diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy technology, and broader application of systemic therapy. Extension of nasopharyngeal tumors, especially into the skull base and the deep facial spaces, is well illustrated on imaging.